Physical attacks on crypto-asset holdersA verified global record, 2014–2026

Files and field reference

The whole record as published, and what each field in it means.

Files

attacks.json

All 754 cases, one object per case, with every field shown on this page.

1.4 MB
risk-by-country.json

Rates, confidence intervals, severity, adult population and press freedom score for 61 countries.

24 KB
risk-by-holder.json

Per-holder rates for the eight countries with a public ownership survey, with each survey's definition.

3 KB
sources.json

The 1,123 sources catalogued during the search, with type and language.

200 KB

Field reference

dateDate of the events. A value with no day or no month means the source does not give one.
city, countryWhere the attack took place. Place names keep their local spelling.
typeThe dominant form the attack took, from kidnapping to an attack on a crypto ATM.
assets, amountWhat was targeted and the sum taken. The table shows an estimate in US dollars; the case detail gives the figure as reported, in the original currency. Empty where no source quantifies it.
descriptionOne to three sentences on how the attack unfolded, drawn from the sources.
victimsWho was attacked. Names appear only where the sources published them.
targetPersonal assets where the holdings sought belong to an individual, including a relative of the holder; business assets where they belong to a company, a mining operation or an ATM operator.
harm, confined, weaponOutcome for the most seriously affected victim, whether anyone was held against their will, and the heaviest weapon used or brandished.
source1, source2The most reliable source, then the most detailed. Each link was opened at the time of the release.
confidenceHigh where two independent sources were read, medium for a single documented source, low where the material remains partial.
in_reference_listWhether the case is present in the Lopp reference list, including the cases it imported from this record on 16 October 2026.